Today, with the advancement of technology and its close integration with people’s daily lives, terrorism has extended its activities into cyberspace to exploit its unique characteristics for the expansion of its operations. In contrast, since states have not reached a consensus on a unified definition of terrorism, and consequently cyber terrorism, there exists a gap in effective and comprehensive criminal laws, especially at the international level. As a result, countries have currently turned to drafting laws of a protective and preventive nature to counter these attacks. At the regional level, particularly in Europe, significant measures have been undertaken that can serve as models for replication and expansion at the international level. Analysis of these actions indicates that the creation of specialized organizations and teams, development of military and security capabilities, cooperation with other countries and engagement with the private sector, specialized training, and the deployment of advanced equipment are among the measures implemented to confront and prevent cyber-terrorist attacks, yielding positive results

Cyber terrorism occurs if the critical infrastructure of a state including air transportation, dams, nuclear power plants and power generation plants, banking and financial systems are attacked politically motivated or under the ideological actions aimed at forcing the government or organizations with a variety of malware weapons, and thereby causing fear and panic. There is no a comprehensive definition of terrorism on international community and even there is no compulsory comprehensive instrument on this issue, but this new form of terrorism along with other forms such as bioterrorism, nuclear terrorism and eco-terrorism may cause harmful damages compared to the classic types of terrorism. Cyber terrorism disturbs public order and therefore it is known as violating human rights law in each of its four generations in addition to breaches of the Peace and Security. The importance of addressing human rights violations by terrorists in the cyberspace, as well as in the context of the fight against cyber-terrorism, must be taken into account in a comprehensive response to this phenomenon. The current paper is a descriptive-analytical study. Data was collected using library sources.

Cyber terrorism is one of the threats to the cyber space that has faced many countries in recent years, including the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this article, after studying the backgrounds related to terrorism and cyber terrorism, its position among other cyber threats, features of cyber terrorism, ontology, actors, its components, cyber terrorism strategies, types of attacks of cyber terrorism are described and the researcher's definition of cyber terrorism is stated. In the field of cyber terrorism, the methods of assessing the threat of cyber terrorism are discussed and a conceptual model is presented while extracting the relevant components and factors from the research literature, then, by using snowball method, experts of strategic areas of cyberspace, 31 people were gathered and with their Opinions through interview and questionnaire, also using SPSS, SMART PLS software, the proposed conceptual model was tested and final model were Drawn.

Field and Aims: Cyber terrorism is a real threat to the rapid advancement of technology today. The rapid rise of Internet users and their reliance on them has alarmingly increased security risks, but despite adequate security measures to help prevent security risks, they have not been sufficient. These threats could potentially damage Iran's national security and critical infrastructure. Therefore, this study examines the impact of cyber terrorism on Iran's national security threats. Also, what are the social prevention strategies and the situation of Iran's national security threats in the direction of cyber terrorism? Methodology: Due to the nature of the subject, the present study is done in terms of applied purpose and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and by studying domestic laws, international documents and valid sources and the obtained information is analyzed descriptively-analytically. has taken. Findings: A combination of social and situational prevention strategies can be appropriate in the prevention of cyber terrorism, including the use of experts, crime based on technological advances, public awareness and information, education-oriented measures for the proper use of cyberspace, increase and upgrade Public welfare is the preparation of the ground for social justice. Conclusion: There is a direct link between cyber terrorism and the threat to Iran's national security. Therefore, the Islamic Republic needs a comprehensive strategy to deal with this issue in order to ensure security and achieve its vital interests.

Terrorism is not a new phenomenon, history is full of acts of terrorism motivated by different I committed and the life of many innocent people and the denial of rights, freedoms and security of the people is often jeopardized. Today, the national terrorism threat and fear become a threat to international peace and security by expanding its international risk falls. With the advent of the information age, the quality and complexity of the war and a very great concept and a new aspect of the conflict in cyberspace formed. Islamic Republic of Iran because of the security environment, it is more than an opportunity, like any other country contains numerous threats requires a comprehensive strategy to tackle this issue in order to guarantee the security of and access to the vital interests of.

Background and Aim: Cyber terrorism as a potential danger threatens all governmtnts all over the world and its characteristics create serious violations of international peace, security and human rights. On the other hand, its different committement from classic terrorism has established fundamental challenges in the field of jurisdiction, crime detection, extradition and punishment of the perpetrators. Therefore, a phenomenon that has a cross-border nature cannot be fought and suppressed by national measures and requires organized cooperation with the serious efforts of subjects of international law. These cooperations have wide dimensions, the first and most important aspect of which is the effort to establish rules in the fight against cyber terrorism. Method: The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is library-based, referring to documents, books and articles. First, the parctices of some leading institutions in the field of policy-making in the fight against cyber terrorism will be studied in a descriptive manner and then with an analytical method, criteria for future effective measures will be presented from these actions and practices. Ethical Considerations: In this research, the principles of trustworthiness, honesty, neutrality and originality of the work have been observed. Results: Due to the problem of terrorism in all its types, the ease of committing cyber attacks, creating terror and its severe consequences compared to classical terrorism, organizations ranging from the United Nations to regional organizations, groups and the subgroups have take several measures in their agenda in order to realize effective and diligent cooperation among their members, from criminalization to detection, extradition and punishment of criminals. In international efficiency analysis conducted by international organizations, factors such as the status of rules with preventive features and criminalization and implementation of rules by international cooperations and coordination should be taken into consideration. Conclusion: According to the study conducted on the procedure of international and regional organizations in fulfilling the commitment of governments to cooperate in establishing rules in response to cyber terrorism, it is noteworthy that regional organizations with a security approach such as NATO have had significant success compared to the United Nations.

Cyber terrorism, as one of the challenges of the present era, has been introduced as a serious threat to international peace and security in most of the legal documents related to cyber security, and the need to fight against it has been emphasized. Threats caused by terrorist acts are no longer within the framework of a certain territory and have become a global threat. Terrorism targets values that are the foundation of the United Nations Charter, such as: respect for human rights, the rule of law, laws and regulations regarding the protection of civilians in war, tolerance and tolerance between nations and countries, and the peaceful settlement of disputes. The current research, which was carried out with the descriptive-analytical method and the use of library resources, aims to answer the question of what are the international obligations of governments in dealing with cyber terrorism. Based on the findings of the research, it has come to conclusion that the most important commitment reflected in the international anti-terrorism treaties is the criminalization of such acts in the criminal laws and that the member states should include the field of accepting universal jurisdiction in their criminal laws that includes territorial judicial proceedings, proceedings based on the nationality of the criminal and the victim. According to treaties and judgment, it will be based on the defendant's residence and these requirements include the extradition of criminals.

The prevention of cyber-terrorism is in order to protect its victims. However, among most legal systems in the world, its criminalization is not specifically andclearlydealtwith. The review of legal sources in IranianCriminal Law shows that there is no specific regulation on the prevention of this crime, but based on some general laws such as the Computer Crime Law and the Islamic Penal Code, one could mention the preventive provisions of Iranian Criminal Law in the field of prevention of this crime and supportingits victims. Thus, the Iranian legal regime hasn't criminalized terrorism and its crimes independently and Iran’ sCriminal Law is based on exemplary policiesthat can be distinguished from the ones that arecompatiblewith it. The need to take preventive measures is felt to prevent any damages to the country's information infrastructure. By considering International instrumentson cyber crimes and terrorism and variousresolutions issued by universal and regional international organizations, especiallythe United Nations, it could be argued thatcounter-terrorism strategies have never been sufficiently implementedforthe prevention of cyber terrorism. Thus, international bodies need to be more active for the criminalization of this dangerous offense which can victimize many innocent people around the world.

The fundamental technology of virtual space, in culture, social life, patterns of interaction between the state and the nature Threats role is important. This suggests that the national security state Thdydafryn other Limited to the real world, not the virtual world in tandem with the real-world environment is Thdydza government. At Among one of the most emerging threats, cyber-terrorism. And according to the density of dissident terrorist groups Environment of Islamic Republic of Iran and the increasing role of non-state actors in Thdydafryny with Take advantage of the virtual environment, the purpose of this article is based on, Cyber Terrorism aspects and scenarios And explored its potential in terms of national security under review.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cyber-terrorism threats and the mental image of a tourist destination. The research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this research consists of a group of tourists in cyberspace, which according to Cochran's formula with an unlimited assumption of 384 people was considered as a sample. The sampling method is simple random. The instrument used included a researcher-made questionnaire. In this study, in order to determine the reliability of the test, Cronbach's alpha method was used, which has a reliability of 0. 76. SPSS software was used to analyze the data and Pearson correlation coefficient and regression tests were used to test the hypotheses. Also, there is a significant difference between the perceived risk of various types of cyber-terrorism risks and the mental image of the tourist destination in Iran, with the highest predictive power related to cultural and social risks and the lowest predictive power related to physical destruction risks.